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七年级上册unit4单词表
想要学好初中英语,就要把课本上的 英语单词 背熟,下面我为大家带来七年级上册unit4单词表,希望对你有所帮助。
七年级上unit4单词表:
where /weə(r)//wer/ adv 在哪里;到哪里
table /'teɪbl/ n 桌子
bed /bed/ n 床
bookcase /'bʊkkeɪs/ n 书架;书柜
sofa /'səʊfə/ n 沙发
chair /tʃeə(r)//tʃer/ n 椅子
on /ɒn//ɑ:n/ prep 在…上
under /'ʌndə(r)/ prep 在…下
come /kʌm/ v 来;来到
come on 快点儿
desk /desk/ n 书桌
think /θɪŋk/ v 认为;想;思考
room /ru:m/ n 房间
their /ðeə(r)//ðer/ pron 他(她,它)们的
hat /hæt/ n 帽子
head /hed/ n 头
yeah /jeə/ interj 是的;对
know /nəʊ/ v 知道,了解
radio /'reɪdiəʊ/ n 收音机;无线电广播
clock /klɒk//klɑ:k/ n 时钟
tape /teɪp/ n 磁带;录音带;录像带
player /'pleɪə(r)/ n 播放机
tape player 录音机
model /'mɒdl//'mɑ:dl/ n 模型
plane /pleɪn/ n 飞机
model plane 飞机模型
tidy /'taɪdi/ adj 整洁的;井井有条的
but /bʌt//bət/ conj 但是
our /'ɑ:(r)//'aʊə(r)/ pron 我们的
everywhere /'evriweə(r)//'evriwer/ adv 处处;到处;各个地方
always /'ɔ:lweiz/ adv 总是
七年级上册unit4单词表相关 文章 :
1. 七年级英语上Unit4练习题及答案
2. 七年级英语上册Unit4基础知识复习题
3. 六年级下册英语unit4单词表
4. (人教版)初一英语上册知识点汇总
5. 初三上册上英语Unit7单词
人教版八年级下英语unit4重点
直接引语在转换成间接引语时,要注意人称的变化、句子结构的变化、主从句时态的一致、语序的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化、地点状语的变化以及部分动词的变化等事项。
1、人称的变化
直接引语在转换成间接引语时,人称的变化规则是:一随主,二随宾,三不变。
1) 一随主:即直接引语中的代词是第一人称时,在间接引语中必须和主句的主语相一致。例如:
Tom says, “I’m from America.” 汤姆说:“我来自美国。”
→Tom says (that) he is from America. 汤姆说他来自美国。(I变成了和主语Tom相一致的he)
2) 二随宾:即直接引语中的代词是第二人称时,在间接引语中必须和主句的宾语相一致。例如:
She asked me, “Where do you live?” 她问我:“你住在哪里?”
→She asked me where I live. 她问我我住在哪里。(you变成了和宾语me相一致的I)
3)三不变:即直接引语中的代词是第三人称时,在间接引语中保持不变。例如:
Kate said,” They like reading.” 凯特说:“他们喜欢阅读。”
→Kate said (that) they liked reading. 凯特说他们喜欢阅读。(they保持不变)
【注意】人称的变化包括人称代词、物主代词和反身代词等。
2、句子结构的变化
1)直接引语是陈述句时,用连词that引导,that通常可以省略,尤其是在口语中。例如:
He said, “I have been to Beijing.”
→He said (that) he had been to Beijing.
【注意】如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句,第一个连词that可以省略,以后的连词that一般不省略,以免造成句子结构上的混乱。例如:
Doctor Li said, “You are nothing wrong. You’ll be better soon.”
→Doctor Li said(that)I was nothing wrong and that I would be better soon.
2)直接引语为疑问句时,要注意将注意原主句中的谓语动词say改为ask (sb.)、wonder或want to know等,且间接引语中必须使用陈述句的语序(即宾语从句中的主语之前不能任何动词)。至于说连词的确定,情况如下:
a) 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句时,间接引语中用连词if或whether引导。例如:
He said, “Do you have any music CDs?”
→He asked(me)whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wondered whether/if I had any music CDs.
→He wanted to know whether/if I had any music CDs.
I asked, “Will you take a bus or a train?”
→I asked him whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wondered whether he would take a bus or a train.
→I wanted to know whether he would take a bus or a train.
b)直接引语为特殊疑问句时,就由原来的疑问词来充当间接引语的连词,注意原特殊疑问词的被修饰语必须紧随其后,不可分开。如:
He asked, “How many bowl of rice did you have, Lucy?”
→He asked Lucy how many bowl of rice she had had.
c) 直接引语形式上是疑问句,但表示请求,建议意义时,可ask sb. to do sth.,suggest doing,advise sb. to do sth. 等形式来转述。如:
“Could you open the door, please?” he asked.
→He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us.
→He advised us to go out for a walk.
→He suggested going out for a walk.
3)直接引语为祈使句时,改为间接引语时,一般用带to的不定式表达,原主句中的谓语动词通常要改为ask, advise, beg, tell, order, offer, request, suggest, warn等。如ask sb. to do(由肯定祈使句变成),ask sb. not to do(由否定祈使句转变),并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如:
He said,“Jane,be careful, please.”
→He asked Jane to be careful.
“Don’t be late for class again.” He said the boy.
→He told the boy not to be late for class again.
He said, “Let's have a walk.”
→He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”
→He offered to help me.
4)直接引语是感叹句时,转间接引语可用what或how引导,也可用that引导,如:
The policeman said, “How clever you are!”
→The policeman said how clever I was.
→The policeman said I was very clever.
3、主从句时态的一致
1) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句的动词时态保持不变。例如:
He says, “China is very great.” →He says (that) China is very great.
Mum says, “I’ll be back in a minute.” →Mum says she’ll be back in a minute.
2) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句的谓语动词通常要改成相应的过去时态。具体情况见下表:
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 一般过去时/过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
过去将来时 过去将来时
3)直接引语陈述的如果是客观事实、真理、名言、警句、谚语等,在变为间接引语时,时态保持不变。
Our teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
→Our teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
4、指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词等的变化
直接引语中的一些指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和部分动词须作如下相应的变化:
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这 that那
these这些 those那些
时
间
状
语 now现在 then那时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 这星期 that week那个星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
last week 上星期 the week before前一个星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期 the next week 第二个星期
地点状语 here 这里 there 那里
动 词
come来 go 去
Bring带走,拿走 take 带来,拿来
【注意】直接引语中的时间状语根据实际情况转述为间接引语时,有时不需要改变。
如tomorrow,转述的动作发生在说话的当天,就不用改变;但如果转述的动作不发生在说话的当天,则要将tomorrow变为the next day.
又如here,转述地点就是说话时的地点时,不须变化。
5、标点符号
整个复合句的标点符号必须与主句一致,即主句是陈述句时用句号,主句是问句时用问号。
八年级下人教英语unit4~12知识点和语法
) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。
说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:
We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。 (having是实义动词。)
He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。
(has是助动词。)
3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
**
英语动词是句子的核心。它既决定着句子意思的表达同时又决定着句子的语法结构。难怪有人说,英语是动词和介词的语言。可见研究动词的用法在英语学习中是十分重要的。
(一、) 分清及物不及物:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:
He reached paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅
ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)
hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作
(二、) 辨别表动作与表结果的动词
表动作的动词强调动作的发生,不涉及该动词的结果。如:
He looked at the picture. He saw a picture .
前一句中的动词强调"看"这一动作;而后一句中的动词表示"看到"这一结果。类似的还有:tear at; tear, look for; find, try to do sth.; manage to do sth., prepare for; be prepared for, advise; persuade 等。
(三、) 记住瞬间动词
英语中不少动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成.如:
He arrived in paris yesterday.
而另一些动词所表示的动作则可以延续.如:
They worked until 12 o'clock last night.
特别是在现在完成时态的句子中,瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。瞬间动词有:arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize....等。
(四、) 掌握好表状态的连系动词与表变化的连系动词
英语中的连系动词主要分为两大类:
a.表状态的连系动词。如:he is a good worker. 除了be 而外,还有:stand(位于),lie(位于),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own....等。
b.另一类连系动词表示动作或变化,是由行为动词转化而来的。一般在这些连系动词后跟形容词作表语如:his hair grows grey. 这类连系动词还有: turn, become, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get...等。
(五、) 注意词义相近,用法不同的动词
a.表主观与客观的动词
I received his invitation last night, but i didn't want to accept it.
该句中,动词receive, accept 都表示"接受"但前者表示客观地接收到什么东西;后者表示 "I" 的主观意愿。类似用法的动词还有:listen to; hear, look at; see, must; have to等。
b.表直接与间接的动词
He heard that the scientist would come to our school.
He heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school.
前句中hear的表示直接听说的,而后一句中hear of 的表示间接听说的。类似用法的动词还有:know; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of等。
(六、) 重视多字动词的用法
所谓多字动词是指动词与某些副词、介词构成的动词词组。一般有四种形式:
a."动词+介词"结构。 该结构中的动词是不及物动词,当和一些介词搭配后,则把它看成一个整体,即把它看成一个及物动词。如:
We never thought of such success when we first started.
类似用法的还有:agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to...
b."动词+副词"结构。该结构中的动词是及物动词的,该结构及物;是不及物的,则不及物。如:
We put off the sports meet.
After he grew up, he went to london to work for a company.
类似用法的还有: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out..., wake up, shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up....
在这类结构中,必须注意有的多字动词即及物又可不及物。有的甚至汉语意义也完全不相同。如:
He looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. (vi. 抬起头看)
He looked up the word in the dictionary. (vt. 查找)
类似的有break down vi.(车等)坏了 vt. 分解,分为 ;
go over vi. 走过去 vt. 复习,仔细查看等。
c."动词+副词+介词"结构。如:
We should do away with that sort of thing.
类似的有:give in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with....
d."动词+名词+介词"结构。该结构是最多,最常见的多字动词。如:
We will take care of them.
类似的有:catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession of, play a trick on, play a part in....
****
说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:
She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)
4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如:
She sings very well.
她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)
She wants to learn English well.
她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。
说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。
牛津英语5B第四单元知识点归纳
Unit4
单词:
an e-mail 一封电子邮件 write an e-mail写一封电子邮件 a town 一个城镇
busy 忙(碌)的[反义词free] usually 通常 well 好 fast 快的,快地
high 高的,高地 run fast 跑得快 jump high 跳得高
词组:
speak loudly 大声地讲话 laugh loudly / cry loudly / sing loudly
run fast 跑得快 read fast
jump high 跳得高 fly high / climb high /
sit quietly 安静地坐着 sleep quietly / read the book quietly
dance beautifully跳舞跳的优美 sing beautifully /
walk carefully 小心地走 write carefully / listen carefully
swim well 游泳游得好 study well / play well
an English friend一位英国朋友
write an e-mail写一封电子邮件
his English friend他的英国朋友
in the computer room在电脑房里
want to play table tennis 想要打乒乓
play table tennis with Wang Bing 和王冰打乒乓
write to me 写信给我
write an e-mail to my English friend写一封电子邮件给我的朋友
a letter for me 一封给我的信
surf the internet浏览网页
live in London 住在伦敦
live in a small town near London住在伦敦附近的一个小镇里
study Chinese学习语文
from Monday to Friday从星期一到星期五
every day 每一天
every week 每一周
under the tree在树下
in the sea 在大海里
do exercise 做锻炼
on the beach 在海滩上
from my Uncle Lee来自我的李叔叔
句型:
1. Does Mike jump high? Yes, he does.
麦克跳得高吗?是的,他跳得高。
2.Does Nancy run fast? No, she doesn’t.
南希跑得快吗?不,她跑得不快。
3.What does Mike usually do on Sundays? He usually takes photos.
他通常星期日做什么?他通常拍照。
4.What does LiuTao usually do in the evening? He usually waters flowers.
刘涛通常晚上做什么?他通常浇花。
5. What does Su Yang usually do after school ?
She usually reads science magazines .
苏洋通常放学后干什么? 她通常读科学杂志。
6. What subjects does he study at school ?
He studies English ,Maths , Science and Art .
他在校学习什么科目?他学英语,数学,科学和美术。
7.What does she usually do on Saturday ?
She usually goes shopping and does housework . She’s very busy .
星期六她通常干什么?她通常购物,做家务。她很忙。
8.My mother washes clothes in the evening.我妈妈在晚上洗衣服。
9.How does your father go to work ? He usually goes to work by bus .
你父亲通常怎么去上班?他一般乘公交车去。
知识点:
1. 在一般现在时中,行为动词与he, she, it等第三人称单数的搭配时须在行为动词后加s或es,我们来看例句:
-He likes English very much. 他非常喜欢英语。
-She usuallygoes to school at seven o’clock. 她通常7:00去上学。
-The cat runs fast. 猫跑得很快。
2. 将句子变为一般疑问句时要借助于助动词does来帮忙,此时行为动词要用动词原形,如:
-Does he like English very much? 他很喜欢英语吗?
-Yes, he does. 是的,他很喜欢。
-Does she usually go home at five? 她通常五点回家吗?
-No, she doesn’t. 不,她不是。
-Does it run fast? 它跑得很快吗?
-Yes, it does. 是的,它跑得很快。
3. 第三人称单数的特殊疑问句是在一般疑问句的基础上,再于句首加上特殊疑问词, 如:
-What subject does her brother like? 他哥哥喜欢什么科目?
-He likes Chinese. 他喜欢语文。
-Where does Bill live? 比尔住在哪?
-He lives in a small town. 他住在一个小镇上。