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英语词汇学考试重点章节
Chapter 1
1 - The definition of a word comprises the following points:
(1) a minimal free form of a language;
(2) a sound unity;
(3) a unit of meaning;
(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
2- Sound and Meaning: symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional.
A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question.
3- Old English, the speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination.
Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart.
4-A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes.
Finally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary.
5 - Vocabulary: All the words in a language make up its vocabulary. Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the
words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over million words.
words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over million words.
words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over million words.
words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over million words.
6 - Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.
7 - The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though words of the basic word stock constitute a small percentage of the English vocabulary, yet it is the most important part of it. These words have obvious characteristics.
8 - All national character. Words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us, which are indispensable to all the people who speak the language
Natural phenomena/Human body and relations/Names of plants and animals/Action, size, domain, state/Numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions
9 - Stability. Words of the basic word stock have been in use for centuries.
10 - Productivity . Words of the basic word stock are mostly root words or monosyllabic words. They can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes.
11 - Polysemy. Words belonging to the basic word stock often possess more than one meaning because most of them have undertone semantic changes in the course of use and become polysemous.
12 - Collocability . Many words of the basic word stock quite a number of set expressions, idiomatic usages, proverbial sayings and the like.
13 - Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas .
14 - Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves such as in business.
15 - Slang belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words like cant, jargon, and argot, all of which are associated with, or most available to, specific groups of the population.
Slang is created by changing or extending the meaning of existing words though some slang words are new coinages altogether. Slang is colourful, blunt, expressive and impressive.
16 - Argot generally refers to the jargon of criminals.
17 - Dialectal words are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.
18 - Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.
19 - Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.
20 - By notion, words can be grouped into content words and functional words. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals, which denote objects, phenomena, action, quality, state, degree, quantity.
21 - Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called empty words. As their chief function is to express the relation between notions, the relation between words as well as between sentences, they are known as form words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.
22 - However, functional words do far more work of expression in English on average than content words.
23 - Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the German tribes; the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, thus known as Anglo-Saxon words.
24 - Apart from the characteristics mentioned of the basic word stock, in contrast to borrowed words, native words have two other features:
Neutral in style. they are not stylistically specific.
Stylistically, natives words are neither formal nor informal whereas the words borrowed from French or Latin are literary and learned, thus appropiate in formal style.
Frequent in use. Native words are most frequently used in everyday speech and writing.
25 - Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modem English vocabulary. The English
language is noted for the remarkable complexity and heterogeneity of its vocabulary because of its extensive borrowings
26 - Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. These words are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin.
27 - Semantic-loans. Words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the form. But their meanings are borrowed. In other words, English has borrowed a new meaning for an existing word in the language.
还有很多，主要要看书！希望我们一起通过！加油！
自考英语词汇学要怎么复习？
3．读书与做练习的关系。每章节后都配有思考题和练习，并附有答案，以便复习和巩固所学的内容。为了帮助自学人员学习，全国高等自学考试委员会还组织由笔者主持编写了《英语词汇学辅导》，2000年由外语教学与研究出版社出版。《辅导》以汉语形式把教材译写出来，每章补充了练习，并给思考题提供了参考答案。此外，社会上也出现了一些所谓的“配套”读本。这里要提醒大家的是，读书指的是学教材，语言基础差一点的同学可以把《辅导》结合起来看。对教材一定要反复读，读懂弄清楚。对每章所配的练习要认真独立地去做，只有在做完后再查看参考答案，因为做练习最能检测学习结果。思考题是供学习思考的，提供的参考答案只是答案的一种表达形式，绝对不能逐字逐词地去死背。尤其要注意的是千万不要本末倒置，把大量的精力放在能弄到手的各种参考书上，更不要去搞题海战术，走入歧途。
4．词汇学与语言学的关系。词汇学是语言学的一个分支，属于语言学的范畴。英语词汇学所介绍和涉及的一些内容与语言学上的某些章节交叉和重叠。如自考科目《现代语言学》上的第三章“形态学”（morphology）和第五章“语义学”（semantics）中的“词的意义”（lexical meaning）部分都是词汇学讨论的内容，因此可以联系起来学习。应该说学了语言学有助于学习词汇学，反之亦然。
四、应考问题
自考是以自学的形式通过国家规定的相关考试，最后取得国家承认的学历或学位。所以通过考试是自学人员的现实目标。把教材读懂搞清楚了不一定就能考出最理想的成绩，还有一个应考的问题。只有熟悉考试的形式、内容和方式方法才能取得最佳效果。
1．题型与能力层次。题型在《考纲》中有明确规定。《考纲》列了12种题型，但在全国英语词汇学题库设计时做了一定的改动。现在的全国英语词汇学的标准试卷由七大题组成，每题一种题型。它们分别是：I 单项选择，II 教材内容填空，III 匹配题，IV 判断填空，V 术语解释，VI 简答题，VII 分析题。减去了《考纲》中的第二、七、十二题；把第三、八题统称为判断填空题。
题型与能力层次非一一对等，同一题型可涉及不同能力层次，如单项选择、匹配题、判断填空三种题型。
2．试卷设计与分值配置。按题库设计标准，根据各章节的内容和知识点，每份试卷对各章都有一定的分值要求。其分值配置为：第一、二章占15%；第三、四章占20%；第五、六章占25%；第七、八章各占10%；第九章占15%；第十章占5%.分值的配置基本上能显示各章节的分量。前面已说过，每章都重要。这一点从分值的分配可以看出。当然，这种分值配置只是理想化的设计，具体操作上很难做到如此准确。一套试卷由7大题50小题组成。匹配题和判断题各10小题，每题1分；简答题3小题，每题4分；综合运用题2小题，每小题9分；其它每小题均为2分。
3．读书与做题。如前所述，要想学好词汇学，必须要有恒心和拼劲，下大气力学习教材，无捷径可走。但要提高考试成绩还是有方法的。譬如匹配题和判断题，如果不熟悉其形式和思路，尽管对考题所涉及的内容很熟悉，也不一定能做好题。现以2002年上半年全国自学英语词汇学试卷其中的两题为例：
Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to ①rhetorical features of idioms; ②sense relations; ③assimilation degree; ④ characteristics of the basic word stock; ⑤motivation （10%）
ABreiteration （ ）A high and low
repetition （ ）B pick and choose
juxtaposition （ ）C face to face
perfect homonym（ ）D Failure is the mother of success
personification（ ）E hiss
…
Study the following words and expressions and identify ①types of context; ②types of word formation; ③types of sense relations and meaning change ④rhetorical features of idioms （10%）
1 making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words（）
2 sitcom（）
3 the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school（）
4 from cradle to grave（）
5 might and main（）
……
这两道题看似简单，做起来却不容易。两道题有一个共同的特点，即涉及到不同章节的内容。前一题包括第九章、第六章、第一章、第五章的内容和知识。要做好题，必须知道英语习语的各种修辞特色；六种语义关系；两种同化程度；基本词汇的五大特征和四种理据。然后将两栏提供的语词进行比较，逐一分析，对号入座。答案是reiteration （B）, repetition （C）, juxtaposition （A）, perfect homonym （E）, personification （D）。其实，真正与题目有关的只是习语的修辞特色和词义的理据，其它都是干扰项。
比较而言，后一道题更难一些。该题要求考生根据所提供的例词和定义写出它们各自属于哪一类中的何种名称。如例1是第一类中的definition（定义），例2是第二类中的blending（拼缀法），例3是第三类中的hyponymy（上下义关系），例4是第四类中的synecdoche（提喻），例5是第四类中的alliteration（押头韵），等等。
如果熟悉这些题型，并能模拟做一做，在阅读中能根据题型的要求去思考问题，做到有的放矢，效果肯定会更佳。这就是所谓的“巧干”。
4．术语英汉对照表的利用。教材后附有术语英汉对照表，主要目的是为了帮助阅读和理解。知道英语专业名称的汉语意思既可以加深记忆，也可以帮助理解。还有一个更重要的用途，往往不被大家注意。术语英汉对照表基本上囊括了教材中主要知识点。尤其是名词或名词词组，每一个都是一个知识点。学完教材后，不妨把这些专业术语作为一种自测手段。如按照字母顺序逐一复习。对每一个术语都想一想其概念、定义，试着用英语表述，并能回忆一两个例子（书中的例子）。如果忘了，再翻书复习。假如能按这种要求把所有的名词术语记住，基本上可以说把教材弄懂搞清楚了。
总而言之，英语词汇学是一门理论知识课程，涉及的内容丰富，知识点较多，学起来有一定难度。但只要同学们有决心，有恒心，敢于下工夫，在苦干的同时，加一些巧干，定能收到事半功倍的效果。
英语词汇学必背知识点
1.Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of..., while others prefer...
基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同，我们发现有人持……的观点，而另外一些人则更喜欢……
例句：Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of living in the small town, while others prefer the big city.
基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同，我们发现有人喜欢生活在小城镇，而另外一些人则更喜欢大城市。
2.When asked about..., the vast/ overwhelming majority of/ most/ many/ quite a few people say/ think/ believe/ answer that... But...
当被问及……时，多数（大多数、许多）人认为（回答）……但是……
例句：When asked about choosing living place, the vast people think that living in the big city is perfect. But I think living in the small town is the better choice.
当被问及在选择居住地方时，多数人认为居住在城市是很棒的。但是我觉得住在小城镇更好。
3.When it comes to ..., some think/ hold/ believe...
当提及……时，有人认为……
例句：When it comes to sports, some believe basketball is the most popular one.
当提到运动时，有人认为篮球是最受欢迎的。
4.It has become apparent to us that...
对我们来说，……已经变得很明显了
例句：It has become apparent to us that living in a small town is more comfortable.
对我们来说，住在小城镇更加舒服。
5.Nowadays, it is commonly/ widely/ generally believed/ thought/ held that..., but I wonder/ doubt that...
如今，人们普遍认为……，但是我怀疑……
例句：Nowadays, it is generally believed that living in a big city is convenient, but I doubt that living in a small country is more comfortable.
如今，人们普遍认为住在大城市更便利，但是我觉得住在小城镇更加舒服。
6.With the rapid growth of..., ...have/has become increasingly important in our daily life.
随着……的快速增长，……日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。
例如：With the rapid growth of hi-tech skills, cellphone has become increasingly important in our daily life.
随着高科技的快速增长，手机在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。
这个就是一些万能的英语句子，来源于网络。
00832自考英语词汇学重点笔记整理讲解
链接:
提取码: nabr
阐述了大学英语四六级考试的性质、考试题型、命题原则和试题难度，向考生提供了试题的答案，介绍了在大学考试中常见的词汇。
请教几个自学考英语(本科段)的知识点
呃 好多呀
1. never 表示从不 那么 ever 既然么有 n 表示从来 或者 不断（只是这么记啊）
所以 ever-increasing 表示不断增长
注意 in numbers 不是表示大量的 这里的搭配是
in large/increasing/limited/growing numbers
Birds nest here in large numbers. 很多很多鸟在这里筑巢
in number （么有s）表示在数量上
We are eight in number. 我们（算上老的小的女的伤的）有八个 （战地中）
表示多或者少 用的是以下的结构 （ms都只能跟可数名词 具体忘了）
a large/great/huge/high/considerable/substantial/significant/good number
a small/low/limited/tiny number
2. +_+
item 如果不是专业用语的话 （法律上 经济中都有指条款 区分clause什么的）
一般指collection中的一个 一项
the last item on the list/menu 表单/菜单中的最后一项
Several items of clothing lay on the floor. 几件衣服拉在了地板上 （比如你拿了一摞的衣服 结果其中几件掉了）
There are three items on the agenda. 日程上有三项
There was an item in the paper about him. 报纸上有关于他的报道
thing 太变态了
你要想避免直接表明你所指的事物 就是我们日常用的东西
I don't eat sweet things/stuff. 我不喜欢吃甜食 （甜食好多的呀）
How does this damn thing work? tmd这东西咋整的？ （这里如实翻译 见谅）
What's that thing over there? 呃 原来不知道那个“东西”叫什么 所以只好用thing了。。。
thing一般不会指一系列中的一项 而是泛指一堆你不想详细说明的事物
All their things were destroyed in the fire. 他们全部家当都毁于火灾
Bring your swimming things if the weather's nice. 天气好就把你的游泳装备带着吧（泳衣 大毛巾 泳镜 气管 防晒霜 滑板 救生圈。。。觉得烦了吧 用things咯）
如果进阶到things就牛了 指一切 不加冠词
Things have been going very well recently. 最近一切都不错
object 指的是实体 （强调实体非活物）
a collection of precious objects 这里区分item（同类中的一个） obj在这里表示各种各样的东西 比如这里一堆有价的又有瓷器啦 又有古铜钱啦 这里用things 也不是不可以
Look, there's a strange object in the sky! 也基本跟thing没什么特别大的区别（但是obj突出了可触摸可感知而不怎么可描述）
然后就是记住obj有目标的意思
3. sort = kind表示种类 如果考这两个词的区别 出题老师NC
variety强调变种变体
The article was about the different varieties of Spanish spoken in South America. 该文是关于南美西班牙语的各种变体 （非要用kind/sort也可以 但只是说明种类不同 但不能表达同源变体之意）
This variety of rose is especially hardy and drought-resistant. 这里用kind/sort也是可以换用的 但不能表达变种之意
不过一定要强求到此有点过分 所以type = sort = kind 约= variety 基本成立
比如The equipment could be used for a variety of educational purposes.
=The equipment could be used for different kinds/sorts of edu purposes.
所以稍微变化一下咯
再比如brought home a variety of snacks
=brougth home different kinds of snacks
要么 你就认为type = sort = kind表同源同类 variety表同源变体 再感受一下吧 也可以参考
4. put up主要指粘贴海报 建筑房子（临时）
Protesters have been putting up barricades across a number of major intersections...抗议者在要道上建起防护栏
They're putting new street signs up...粘贴新标示
如果是“提供”这个意思 主要指钱
The state agreed to put up $69,000 to start his company... 这里是集资
The merchant banks raise capital for industry.这里是筹钱
The paper put up a reward for information on the murder.这里是奖励一定的报酬
相比之下 supply 就显得广泛得多 啥都提供
还有要记住put up with = tolerate
5. 终于写到了最后一个。。。
sort through = to look for something among a lot of similar things, especially when you are arranging these things into an order 就是在你归档或整理相同事物时寻找某物
Vicky sat down and sorted through the files. 她在整理档案（都差不多）但目的是找一份比较特别的
sort out 1= to separate one type of thing from another 找出不同的东西
I've sorted out the papers that can be thrown away. 就是找出废张（结果有用的纸张还是一团糟也有可能）
sort out 2=to arrange or organize something that is mixed up or untidy, so that it is ready to be used 分拣出 全面分类整理 Excel的一个功能就是Sort
We need to sort out our camping gear before we go away.这样的话 所有的东西都会被整理清楚
建议lz去买本词典比较好 如果觉得太贵 那么就下载灵格斯词霸然后配些好的英英词典 这样会比较有效